"What you say and how you say it: the contribution of speech content and voice quality to judgments of others" by O'Sullivan M, Ekman P, Friesen W, Scherer K, J of Pers Soc Psych

Journal of Personality and Social Psycholology, 1985 Jan;48(1):54-62

What you say and how you say it: the contribution of speech content and voice quality to judgments of others.*

O'Sullivan M, Ekman P, Friesen W, Scherer K

In three studies, judgments based on separated channels (speech content, voice quality, face alone and body alone) were correlated with judgments based on combined channels (speech, face + speech, and face + body + speech). The judges observed spontaneous behavior in two different types of interview situations and rated various aspects of the behavior. Correlations between separated and combined channels varied significantly depending on the kind of behavior judged, the attribute rated, and whether other channels of information were available.

*Reproduced with permission of the APA - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology