Journal of Personality and Social Psycholology, 1999 Sep;77(3):487-508

Fuzziness of nonverbal courtship communication unblurred by motion energy detection.*                                                           .

Grammer K, Honda M, Juette A, Schmitt A                                              .
Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Urban Ethology, Vienna, Austria.                                            .

A new method for the assessment of qualitative description of nonverbal behavior (automatic movie analysis) is introduced. This model-free method does not use any assumptions on the structure and organization of nonverbal behavior. Cross-cultural comparison (Germany, Japan) of unobtrusively filmed initial interactions between 2 opposite-sex strangers revealed no consistent courtship repertoire of directly observable behavior categories. Furthermore, an extensive analysis of gaze behavior and speech revealed differences between the countries but also showed no consistent relation to interest. Motion energy detection demonstrated in both cultures that female movement quality score (number of movements, duration, size, speed, and complexity) covaries with female interest. This effect is in concordance with the theory that in early stages of interactions manipulative efforts occur in order to avoid possible deception in high-risk situation.                                                  .                             
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* Reproduced with permission of the APA - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology