Journal of Personality and Social Psycholology, 2000 Jan;78(1):81-91

Error management theory: a new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading.*                                                  .

Haselton MG, Buss DM                                                               .

Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA.
haselton@psy.utexas.edu                         .

A new theory of cognitive biases, called error management theory (EMT), proposes that psychological mechanisms are designed to be predictably biased when the costs of false-positive and false-negative errors were asymmetrical over evolutionary history. This theory explains known phenomena such as men's overperception of women's sexual intent, and it predicts new biases in social inference such as women's underestimation of men's commitment. In Study 1 (N = 217), the authors documented the commitment underperception effect predicted by EMT. In Study 2 (N = 289), the authors replicated the commitment bias and documented a condition in which men's sexual overperception bias is corrected. Discussion contrasts EMT with the heuristics and biases approach and suggests additional testable hypotheses based on EMT.
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* Reproduced with permission of the APA - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology