The ABCD's of Malignant Melanoma

Malignant Melanoma, is the most aggressive of malignant cutaneous tumours. Because cases presenting with lymphonode involvement and distant metastases carry a very poor prognosis, (50% and 20% respectively alive in 5 years), while on the contrary, those presenting without evident lymphonode involvement have a much better survival (60% alive in 5 years).It is therefore extremely important, a malignant melanoma early diagnosis. There are several criteria that may lead to the diagnosis of a malignant melanoma. The most important one is the ABCD-rule. ABCD diagnosis of Malignant Melanoma,
A = Asymmetry: Moles are commonly symmetrical and round. Very early melanomas, are asymmetrical assuming different forms. One half does not match the other half.
B = Border: Commonly moles, have even and smooth borders. Early melanomas, are usually uneven and notched borders.The edges are ragged, notched or blurred.
C = Color: Moles commonly are a single shade of brown, early malignant melanomas shows brown-tan or black color. Further, as melanomas progress, may see red, white, and blue color.
D = Diameter: Early malignant melanomas, differently from moles, tend to grow larger in diameter. First suspects in melanoma start fom, a 6 millimeters diameter on. Any sudden or continuing increase in size should be of special concern.
SYNTHESIS: a mole with diameter of 6 millimeter, that it introduces alterations - irregular asymmetry, edges, color - must induce the patient to address early on dermatologist to careful clinical and dermatoscopic examination and consequently, if necessary, to surgical removal of the lesion, with successive hystological examination.
MELANOMA PREVENTION. According to the risk factors for malignant melanoma, the following preventive measures are recommended: ▪ UV exposure, should be minimized. Prolonged sunbathing, as well as the use of tanning lamps, is not advisable. Children, under three years of age, should be kept in the shade. ▪ Sun protection, should be achieved through adequate clothing. Children should be particularly dressed when playing outside. ▪ The use of adequate sunscreens, is recommended. ▪ Sunburns should be avoided, especially in children. Therefore people with multiple moles, abnormal moles, or a family history of malignant melanoma, should regularly have their skin checked by a dermatologist.